Types of Foundation
Types of Foundation Before moving into types of foundation, let’s learn what is foundation or footing. Most of the structure consist of two parts, one above the ground which is known as super structure and the other sub-structure of the foundation which lies below the ground level. Foundation (aka footing) is defined as that part of the structure that connects and transmits the load from the structure to the ground soil. The solid ground on which the foundation rests is termed as the foundation bed. The foundation transmits the load of the structure and it’s self-weight to the soil such that the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded (the shear failure is not allowable) and the settlement is tolerable.
Every structures are provide with foundation at the base to fulfill the following objectives and purposes:
- To distribute the load of the structure over a large bearing area.
- To load the bearing surface at uniform rate so as to avoid unequal settlement.
- To prevent the lateral movement of the supporting material.
- To increase the stability of the structure as a whole.
Contents:
A foundation (or, more commonly, base) is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep.
Shallow Foundation
A shallow foundation is a type of building foundation that transfers building loads to the earth very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation.
- Wall Footing
- Isolated column/Column Footing
- Combined Footing
- Cantilever (Strap) Footing
- Mat (Raft) Foundation
Deep Foundation
A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a subsurface layer or a range of depths.
- Pile Foundation
- Pier Foundation
- Well (Caissons) Foundation
