{"id":1003,"date":"2016-10-16T11:01:19","date_gmt":"2016-10-16T05:31:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/?p=1003"},"modified":"2022-12-13T11:52:18","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T06:22:18","slug":"design-of-pile-cap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/design-of-pile-cap\/","title":{"rendered":"DESIGN OF PILE CAP"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A\u00a0<b>pile cap<\/b>\u00a0is a thick\u00a0concrete\u00a0mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable foundation. It usually forms part of the\u00a0foundation of a building, typically a multi-story building, structure or support base for heavy equipment. The cast\u00a0concrete pile cap distributes the load of the building into the\u00a0piles. A similar structure to a pile cap is a &#8220;raft&#8221;, which is a concrete foundation floor resting directly onto soft soil which may be liable to\u00a0subsidence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As per IS 2911 (Part I\/ Sec 3) -2010, the pile cap may be designed by assuming<\/li>\n<li>that the load from column is dispersed at 45\u00b0 from the top of the cap up to the mid<\/li>\n<li>depth of the pile cap from the base of the column or pedestal. The reaction from<\/li>\n<li>piles may also be taken to be distributed at 45\u00b0 from the edge of the pile, up to the<\/li>\n<li>mid depth of the pile cap. On this basis the maximum bending moment and shear<\/li>\n<li>forces should be worked out at critical sections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ASSUMPTIONS INVOLVED<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(i) Pile cap is perfectly rigid.<\/li>\n<li>(ii) Pile heads are hinged to the pile cap and hence no bending moment is<\/li>\n<li>transmitted to piles from pile caps.<\/li>\n<li>(iii) Since the piles are short and elastic columns, the deformations and stress distribution are planer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>DESIGN PARAMETERS<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(i) Shape of pile cap.<\/li>\n<li>(ii) Depth of pile cap.<\/li>\n<li>(iii) Amount of steel to be provided.<\/li>\n<li>(iv) Arrangement of reinforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>DESIGN PROCEDURE<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DETERMINE NUMBER OF PILE<\/li>\n<li>PILE CAP ARRANGEMENT AND PLANE DIMENSION<\/li>\n<li>PILE CAP PRELIMINARY DEPTH<\/li>\n<li>CHECK FORCES IN PILES<\/li>\n<li>CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR<\/li>\n<li>CHECK FOR SHEAR<\/li>\n<li>DESIGN OF MOMENT<\/li>\n<li>CHECK FOR BOND<\/li>\n<li>DETAILS FOR REINFORCEMENT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u><b>Explanation of pile cap design with example:-<\/b><\/u><\/p>\n<p><u><b>EXAMPLE 1 :-<\/b><\/u><\/p>\n<p><b>Diameter of pile : <\/b><b>300 mm<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Spacing between the piles : <\/b><b>3xd= 3&#215;400 mm \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><b>[ <\/b><b>As per IS 2911\u00a0(Part 1\/Sec 3)\u00a0\u00a0 :2010\u00a0Clause : 6.6.2.]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 = 1200 mm<\/b><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>No of piles under a pile cap: <\/b><b>3<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Size of column : <\/b><b>400&#215;400 mm<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Load transferred by column : <\/b><b>1500 <\/b><b>kN<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Load on each pile : <\/b><b>1500\/3= 500 <\/b><b>kN<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>The dimension of the pile cap, the distance between the connecting line of the piles and the face of critical zone of punching shear are given in the figure with details\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1004 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picturn-300x210.png\" alt=\"picturn\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picturn-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picturn-600x419.png 600w, https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picturn-700x489.png 700w, https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picturn.png 707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Details about the pile cap of this example<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1005\" src=\"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picture1-300x214.png\" alt=\"picture1\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picture1-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Picture1.png 598w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">We have assume that the effective depth of pile cap is 500 mm\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p><b>Unit Moment at face AB = <\/b><b>0.287&#215;1000= 287 <\/b><b>kN<\/b><b>-m<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Unit Moment at face AC = <\/b><b>0.287&#215;1000= 287 <\/b><b>kN<\/b><b>-m<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Unit Moment at face BC = <\/b><b>0.1&#215;1000= 100 <\/b><b>kN<\/b><b>-m<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Formula used to calculate Area of steel against corresponding moment: <\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>M<\/i><\/b><b><i>u<\/i><\/b><b><i>= 0.87 x f<\/i><\/b><b><i>y <\/i><\/b><b><i>x <\/i><\/b><b><i>A<\/i><\/b><b><i>s t <\/i><\/b><b><i>x <\/i><\/b><b><i>d (1 &#8211; 0.42 x X<\/i><\/b><b><i>u<\/i><\/b><b><i>\/d<\/i><\/b><b><i>)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>(AS PER IS:456 (2000) ANNEX G , CLAUSE 38.1\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>M<\/i><\/b><b><i>u<\/i><\/b><b><i> = Moment<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>f<\/i><\/b><b><i>y\u00a0\u00a0 = <\/i><\/b><b><i>Characteristic strength of steel, here 415<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>A<\/i><\/b><b><i>s t <\/i><\/b><b><i>\u00a0= Area of steel<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>d= Effective depth of pile cap<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>X<\/i><\/b><b><i>u=<\/i><\/b><b><i> Depth of neutral axis<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Area of steel required parallel to AB = <\/b><b>1991 <\/b><b>mm<\/b><b>2<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Area of steel required parallel to AC = <\/b><b>1991 <\/b><b>mm<\/b><b>2<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Area of steel required parallel to BC = <\/b><b>693 mm<\/b><b>2<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>We should provide 12 mm rod of 113 mm<\/b><b>2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00a0Spacing through AB <\/b><b>= (113 x 1000)\/1991= 60 mm<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Spacing through AC <\/b><b>= (113 x 1000)\/1991= 60 mm<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Spacing through BC <\/b><b>= (113 x 1000)\/693= 160 mm<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>OVERALL DEPTH OF THE PILE CAP<\/b> <b>=(500+(100+12+12+6)X2)= <\/b><b>760 mm<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u00a0pile cap\u00a0is a thick\u00a0concrete\u00a0mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable foundation. It usually forms part of the\u00a0foundation of a building, typically a multi-story building, structure or support base for heavy equipment. The cast\u00a0concrete pile cap distributes the load of the &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2264,"featured_media":1006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[54,58],"tags":[108,65,102],"class_list":["post-1003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-design-spreadsheets","category-structural","tag-pile-cap","tag-reinforcement","tag-structural-design"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DESIGN OF PILE CAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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