{"id":2560,"date":"2018-03-16T13:14:38","date_gmt":"2018-03-16T07:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/?p=2560"},"modified":"2022-12-13T11:33:13","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T06:03:13","slug":"selection-and-types-abutments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/selection-and-types-abutments\/","title":{"rendered":"Selection and Types Abutments"},"content":{"rendered":"

Selection and Types Abutments <\/strong><\/h2>\n

The Structure upon which the ends of a Bridge rests is referred to as an Abutment<\/p>\n

The most common type of Abutment Structure is a Retaining Wall, Although other types of Abutments are also possible and are used<\/p>\n

A retaining wall is used to hold back an earth embankment or water and to maintain a sudden change in elevation.<\/p>\n

Abutment serves following functions Distributes the loads from Bridge Ends to the ground Withstands any loads that are directly imposed on it Provides vehicular and pedestrian access to the bridge<\/p>\n

In case of Retaining wall type Abutment bearing capacity and sliding resistance of the foundation materials and overturning stability must be checked<\/p>\n

Types of Abutments <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Standard specification classifies abutments into four types:<\/p>\n

Stub abutments,<\/p>\n

partial-depth abutments,<\/p>\n

full-depth abutments; and<\/p>\n

Integral abutments.<\/p>\n

Partial-Depth Abutment <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Partial Depth abutments are located approximately at mid-depth of the front slope of the approach embankment. The higher backwall and wingwalls may retain fill material, or the embankment slope may continue hehind the backwall. In the latter case, a structural approach slab or end span desing must bridge the space over the fill slope and curtain walls are provided to close off the open area<\/p>\n

Full-Depth Abutment <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Full depth abutment are located at the approximate front toe of the approach embankment,restricing the opening under the structure.<\/p>\n

Integral Abutment <\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Other Types of Abutments<\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Selection of Abutments<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The procedure of selecting the most appropriate type of abutments can be based on the following consideration:<\/p>\n

1. Construction and maintenance cost<\/p>\n

2. Cut or fill earthwork situation<\/p>\n

3. Traffic maintenance during construction<\/p>\n

4. Construction period<\/p>\n

5. Safety of construction workers<\/p>\n

6. Availability and cost of backfill material<\/p>\n

7. Superstructure depth<\/p>\n

8. Size of abutment<\/p>\n

9. Horizontal and vertical alignment changes<\/p>\n

10. Area of excavation<\/p>\n

11. Aesthetics and similarity to adjacent structures<\/p>\n

12. Previous experience with the type of abutment<\/p>\n

13. Ease of access for inspection and maintenance.<\/p>\n

14. Anticipated life, loading condition, and acceptability of deformations.<\/p>\n

Forces on Abutments <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Earth pressures exerted on an abutment can be classified according to the direction and the magnitude of the abutment movement.<\/p>\n

1.At-rest Earth Pressure<\/strong><\/h3>\n

When the wall is fixed rigidly and does not move, the pressure exerted by the soil on the wall is called at-rest earth pressure.<\/p>\n

2) Active Earth Pressure <\/strong><\/h3>\n

When a wall moves away from the backfill, the earth pressure decreases (active pressure)<\/p>\n

3) Passive Earth Pressure <\/strong><\/h3>\n

When it moves toward the backfill, the earth pressure increases (passive pressure).<\/p>\n

Read More<\/strong>\u00a0Requirements of a Good Formwork or Shuttering<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Selection and Types Abutments The Structure upon which the ends of a Bridge rests is referred to as an Abutment The most common type of Abutment Structure is a Retaining Wall, Although other types of Abutments are also possible and are used A retaining wall is used to hold back an earth embankment or water …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2264,"featured_media":2564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[381],"class_list":["post-2560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gendral-civil-engineering","tag-abutments"],"yoast_head":"\nSelection and Types Abutments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Selection and Types Abutments The Structure upon which the ends of a Bridge rests is referred to as an Abutment\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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