{"id":270,"date":"2016-09-13T17:44:08","date_gmt":"2016-09-13T17:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/?p=270"},"modified":"2022-12-13T11:54:13","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T06:24:13","slug":"why-cement-is-grey-in-colour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/why-cement-is-grey-in-colour\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Cement is grey in colour"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Upon addition of water Ordinary cement undergo \u00a0Hydration and gains strength.<\/b><br \/>\n<b><br \/>\n<\/b><b>The reactions involved in this Hydration are :<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\"><b>Hydration of \u00a0C4AF \u00a0gives \u00a0hydration \u00a0products \u00a0that \u00a0are \u00a0similar in \u00a0many \u00a0respects \u00a0to \u00a0those \u00a0formed \u00a0from \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C3A \u00a0under \u00a0comparable \u00a0conditions, though \u00a0typically \u00a0they contain \u00a0Fe3+\u00a0as well as \u00a0Al3+. An \u00a0iron (III) hydroxide gel \u00a0and calcium ferrite gel \u00a0are also \u00a0possible \u00a0products \u00a0of \u00a0C4AF \u00a0hydration. The \u00a0reactivity \u00a0of \u00a0the \u00a0pure \u00a0C4AF \u00a0is, in general, \u00a0much \u00a0slower \u00a0than \u00a0that \u00a0of \u00a0the \u00a0C3A.<\/b><\/div>\n<div class=\"separator\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><i><b>Ferrite + gypsum + water\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0ettringite + ferric aluminum hydroxide + lime<\/b><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><b>C<sub>4<\/sub>AF + 3C<u>S<\/u>H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0C<sub>6<\/sub>(A,F)<u>S<\/u><sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>32<\/sub>\u00a0+ (A,F)H<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ CH<\/b><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"separator\"><i><b>C4AF \u00a0is responsible for the grey colour of cement.<\/b><\/i><\/div>\n<p><b><u>The other reactions involved in the hydration of cement are :<\/u><\/b><br \/>\n<b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Tricalcium_silicate_.283CaO.E2.80.A2SiO2_.3D_C3S.29\" class=\"mw-headline\">Tricalcium silicate (3CaO\u2022SiO2\u00a0= C3S)<\/span><\/h3>\n<div><b>C3S on reaction with water produces C-S-H and calcium hydroxide, CH, (also known as Portlandite). The hyphens used in the C-S-H formula are to depict its variable composition: CSH would imply a fixed composition of CaO.SiO2.H2O. C\/S ratios in C-S-H vary from 1.2 to 2.0, and H\/S ratios vary between 1.3 and 2.1.<\/b><br \/>\n<b><i><br \/>\n<\/i><\/b><b><i>Tricalcium silicate + water\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0calcium silicate hydrate + lime + heat<br \/>\n2C<sub>3<\/sub>S + 6H\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0C<sub>3<\/sub><u>S<\/u><sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3CH,\u00a0D\u00a0H = 120 cal\/g<\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span id=\"Dicalcium_silicate_.282CaO.E2.80.A2SiO2_.3D_C2S.29\" class=\"mw-headline\">Dicalcium silicate (2CaO\u2022SiO2\u00a0= C2S)<\/span><\/h3>\n<div><b>The kinetics and hydration mechanism for C2S are similar to those of C3S, except that the rate of reaction is much slower. The hydration products are the same except that the proportion of CH produced is about one-third of that obtained on hydration of C3S.<\/b><br \/>\n<b><i><br \/>\n<\/i><\/b><b><i>Dicalcium silicates + water\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0calcium silicate hydrate + lime<br \/>\nC<sub>2<\/sub>S + 4H\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0C<sub>3<\/sub><u>S<\/u><sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ CH,\u00a0D\u00a0H = 62 cal\/g<\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span id=\"Tricalcium_aluminate_.283CaO.Al2O3_.3D_C3A.29\" class=\"mw-headline\">Tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3\u00a0= C3A)<\/span><\/h3>\n<div><b>The initial reaction of C3A with water in the absence of gypsum is vigorous, and can lead to \u201cflash set\u201d caused by the rapid production of the hexagonal crystal phases, C2AH8 (H = H2O) and C4AH19. Sufficient strength is developed to prevent continued mixing. The C2AH8\u00a0and C4AH19\u00a0subsequently convert to cubic C3AH6\u00a0(hydrogarnet), which is the thermodynamically stable phase at ambient temperature. Typically, gypsum is added to retard this reaction, though other chemical additives can be used.<\/b><br \/>\n<i><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/i><i><b>Tricalcium aluminate + gypsum + water\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0ettringite + heat<br \/>\nC<sub>3<\/sub>A + 3C<u>S<\/u>H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 26H\u00a0\u00ae\u00a0C<sub>6<\/sub>AS<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>32<\/sub>,\u00a0D\u00a0H = 207 cal\/g<\/b><\/i><\/div>\n<div><b><br \/>\n<\/b><b>The reaction products formed on reaction of C3A in the presence of gypsum depend primarily on the supply of sulfate ions available from the dissolution of gypsum. The primary phase formed is ettringite (C6AS3H32) (S = SO3). Ettringite is the stable phase only as long as there is an adequate supply of soluble sulfate. A second reaction takes place if all of the soluble sulfate is consumed before the C3A has completely reacted. In this reaction, the ettringite formed initially reacts with the remaining C3A to form a tetracalcium aluminate monosulfate-12- hydrate known as monosulfate or monosulfoaluminate (C4A SH12).<\/b><br \/>\n<b><i><br \/>\n<\/i><\/b><b><i>Tricalcium aluminate + ettringite + water \u00a0\u00a0monosulfate aluminate hydrate<br \/>\n2C<sub>3<\/sub>A + 3 C<sub>6<\/sub>A<u>S<\/u><sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>32<\/sub>\u00a0+ 22H\u00a0\u00ae\u00a03C<sub>4<\/sub>ASH<sub>18<\/sub>,<\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Upon addition of water Ordinary cement undergo \u00a0Hydration and gains strength. The reactions involved in this Hydration are : Hydration of \u00a0C4AF \u00a0gives \u00a0hydration \u00a0products \u00a0that \u00a0are \u00a0similar in \u00a0many \u00a0respects \u00a0to \u00a0those \u00a0formed \u00a0from \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C3A \u00a0under \u00a0comparable \u00a0conditions, though \u00a0typically \u00a0they contain \u00a0Fe3+\u00a0as well as \u00a0Al3+. An \u00a0iron (III) hydroxide gel \u00a0and &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2264,"featured_media":798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[67],"class_list":["post-270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-concrete-technology","tag-cement"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why Cement is grey in colour<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Upon addition of water Ordinary cement undergo Hydration and gains strength. 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