Civil engineering<\/strong>\u00a0is a\u00a0professional engineering\u00a0discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges,\u00a0canals, dams, and buildings.\u00a0Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after\u00a0military engineering,\u00a0and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.\u00a0It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including\u00a0environmental engineering,\u00a0geotechnical engineering,\u00a0geophysics,\u00a0geodesy,\u00a0control engineering,\u00a0structural engineering,\u00a0engineering, earth,\u00a0atmospheric sciences,\u00a0forensic engineering,\u00a0municipal or urban engineering,\u00a0water resources engineering,\u00a0materials engineering,\u00a0offshore engineering,\u00a0quantity surveying,\u00a0coastal engineering, surveying, and\u00a0construction engineering.\u00a0Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.<\/p>\n Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practice of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in\u00a0Ancient Egypt\u00a0and\u00a0Mesopotamia\u00a0(Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a\u00a0nomadic\u00a0existence, creating a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and\u00a0sailing.<\/p>\n Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably. The construction of\u00a0Pyramids\u00a0in Egypt (circa 2700\u20132500 BC) might be considered the first instances of large structure constructions. Other ancient historic civil engineering constructions include the\u00a0Qanat\u00a0water management system (the oldest older than 3000 years and longer than 71\u00a0km,) the\u00a0Parthenon\u00a0by\u00a0Iktinos\u00a0in\u00a0Ancient Greece\u00a0(447\u2013438 BC), the\u00a0Appian Way\u00a0by\u00a0Roman engineers\u00a0(c. 312 BC), the\u00a0Great Wall of China\u00a0by General\u00a0Meng T’ien\u00a0under orders from Ch’in Emperor\u00a0Shih Huang Ti\u00a0(c. 220 BC)\u00a0and the stupas constructed in ancient\u00a0Sri Lanka\u00a0like the\u00a0Jetavanaramaya\u00a0and the extensive irrigation works in\u00a0Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire, including especially\u00a0aqueducts,\u00a0insulae,\u00a0harbors, bridges, dams and roads.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering\u00a0is a\u00a0professional engineering\u00a0discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges,\u00a0canals, dams, and buildings.\u00a0Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after\u00a0military engineering,\u00a0and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.\u00a0It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including\u00a0environmental engineering,\u00a0geotechnical …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2264,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gendral-civil-engineering","tag-civil-engineering"],"yoast_head":"\n<\/h2>\n
History of civil engineering profession<\/h2>\n