{"id":7381,"date":"2020-02-17T10:26:18","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T04:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/?p=7381"},"modified":"2022-12-13T11:28:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T05:58:30","slug":"classification-of-manual-on-municipal-solid-waste-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/classification-of-manual-on-municipal-solid-waste-management\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification of Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management"},"content":{"rendered":"

Classification of Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Government of India <\/strong><\/p>\n

The solid waste can be classified as per the Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Government of India publication as follows:<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) Domestic\/Residential waste:<\/strong> This type of waste is originated from single or multifamily household units. These wastes are generated from the household activities\u00a0 such\u00a0 as\u00a0 cooking\u00a0 (ashes)\u00a0 cleaning\u00a0 (dust)\u00a0 repairs\u00a0 (residues),\u00a0 hobbies (unuseables), redecoration, empty containers, used packets, old clothes, books,papers,\u00a0 broken\u00a0 glass,\u00a0 plastic\u00a0 items,\u00a0 broken\u00a0 and\u00a0 useless\u00a0 furniture.<\/p>\n

(ii) Municipal waste:<\/strong>\u00a0 Municipal waste includes waste resulting from municipal activities and services such as street sweepings, dead animals, market waste and abandoned vehicles.Generally,\u00a0 this\u00a0 term \u2018Municipal\u00a0 Waste\u2019\u00a0 is\u00a0 used\u00a0 in\u00a0 a\u00a0 wider sense to incorporate domestic wastes, institutional wastes and commercial wastes.<\/p>\n

(iii) Commercial waste:<\/strong>\u00a0 This\u00a0 category\u00a0 includes\u00a0 solid\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 that\u00a0 originate\u00a0 in offices, wholesale and retail markets, restaurants, hotels, warehouses (godowns) and\u00a0 other\u00a0 commercial\u00a0 establishments.<\/p>\n

(iv) Institutional waste:<\/strong> These are those wastes generated from institutions such as schools, colleges, universities,\u00a0 hospitals\u00a0 and\u00a0 research\u00a0 institutes.\u00a0 Some of these wastes (like hospitals) may be hazardous\u00a0 (more\u00a0 bad,\u00a0 offensive,\u00a0 strong,disease producing)\u00a0 waste.<\/p>\n

(v) Garbage:<\/strong>\u00a0 Garbage\u00a0 is\u00a0 the\u00a0 term\u00a0 applied\u00a0 to\u00a0 animal\u00a0 and\u00a0 vegetable\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 generated\u00a0 from\u00a0 the\u00a0 handling,\u00a0 storage,\u00a0 sale,\u00a0 preparation,\u00a0 cooking\u00a0 and\u00a0 serving\u00a0 of food.\u00a0 Such\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 contain\u00a0 putrescible\u00a0 (easily\u00a0 and\u00a0 quickly\u00a0 biodegraded\u00a0 with bad smell) organic matter. This attracts rats, flies, mosquito and other vermin,that\u00a0 is\u00a0 why\u00a0 it\u00a0 requires\u00a0 immediate\u00a0 attention.<\/p>\n

(vi) Rubbish:<\/strong> It is a general term applied to solid wastes originating in households,commercial\u00a0 establishments\u00a0 and\u00a0 institutions\u00a0 excluding\u00a0 garbage\u00a0 and\u00a0 ashes.<\/p>\n

(vii)Ashes:<\/strong> These are the residues from the burning of wood, coal, charcoal, coke and\u00a0 other\u00a0 combustible\u00a0 matter\u00a0 for\u00a0 cooking\u00a0 and\u00a0 heating\u00a0 in\u00a0 houses\u00a0 institutions and\u00a0 small\u00a0 industries.\u00a0 When\u00a0 produced\u00a0 in\u00a0 large\u00a0 quantities\u00a0 in\u00a0 thermal\u00a0 power plants\u00a0 (fly\u00a0 ash)\u00a0 they\u00a0 are\u00a0 known\u00a0 as\u00a0 industrial\u00a0 wastes.\u00a0 Ashes consists\u00a0 of\u00a0 fine powdery residue, cinders and clinkers often mixed with small pieces of metal and\u00a0 glass.<\/p>\n

(viii)Bulky waste:<\/strong>\u00a0 Bulky\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 are\u00a0 large\u00a0 household\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 that\u00a0 cannot\u00a0 be accomodated in the normal storage containers of the household and thus they require special collection. Actually in India there is hardly any waste collected in\u00a0 this\u00a0 category\u00a0 as\u00a0 it\u00a0 is\u00a0 sold\u00a0 to\u00a0 the\u00a0 kabaries.<\/p>\n

(ix)Street sweepings:<\/strong>\u00a0 The\u00a0 waste\u00a0 collected\u00a0 from\u00a0 streets,\u00a0 walkways,\u00a0 parks\u00a0 etc.\u00a0 is known as street sweepings. In developing countries like our country manual street sweeping is done and it makes the largest portion of the municipal solid waste\u00a0 as\u00a0 we\u00a0 are\u00a0 in\u00a0 a\u00a0 habit\u00a0 of\u00a0 throwing\u00a0 everything\u00a0 on\u00a0 the\u00a0 streets.\u00a0 It\u00a0 includes mainly\u00a0 dust,\u00a0 dirt,\u00a0 plastic\u00a0 bags\u00a0 (thin),\u00a0 dry\u00a0 leaves,\u00a0 useless\u00a0 papers,\u00a0 cardboard, rags,\u00a0 tyres,\u00a0 vegetable\u00a0 matter\u00a0 etc.\u00a0 In\u00a0 our\u00a0 country\u00a0 most\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 usable\u00a0 portion of\u00a0 the\u00a0 waste\u00a0 like\u00a0 rags,\u00a0 paper,\u00a0 thick\u00a0 plastic\u00a0 bags,\u00a0 plastic\u00a0 utensils,\u00a0 any\u00a0 form\u00a0 of metal is collected by the rag pickers. The organic matter including the paper and\u00a0 even\u00a0 plastic\u00a0 sheets\u00a0 is\u00a0 consumed\u00a0 by\u00a0 cows\u00a0 and\u00a0 other\u00a0 stray\u00a0 animals.\u00a0 Only in\u00a0 big\u00a0 cities\u00a0 or\u00a0 the\u00a0 developed\u00a0 countries\u00a0 they\u00a0 form\u00a0 the\u00a0 part\u00a0 of\u00a0 waste.\u00a0 That\u00a0 is why the calorific value of Indian solid waste is far less in comparison to the other\u00a0 countries.<\/p>\n

(x) Dead animals:<\/strong> This term includes the dead animals that die naturally or by accidents on roads. It does not include the animal parts from slaughter houses which are regarded as industrial waste. There are two types of dead animals,large\u00a0 and\u00a0 small.\u00a0 The\u00a0 smaller\u00a0 ones\u00a0 like\u00a0 dogs\u00a0 cats\u00a0 rabbits,\u00a0 rats\u00a0 etc.,\u00a0 are\u00a0 either consumed by the other animals or can be easily lifted and disposed. The large ones like cows, horses, camels etc. require special and immediate attention as traffic\u00a0 is\u00a0 affected\u00a0 and\u00a0 they\u00a0 emit\u00a0 foul\u00a0 smell.<\/p>\n

(xi)Construction\u00a0 and\u00a0 demolition\u00a0 waste:<\/strong> These are the wastes generated by the residue\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 construction,\u00a0 refurnishment,\u00a0 repair\u00a0 and\u00a0 demolition\u00a0 of\u00a0 houses, commercial\u00a0 buildings\u00a0 and\u00a0 other\u00a0 structures.\u00a0 Generally, the\u00a0 demolition\u00a0 waste is\u00a0 used\u00a0 by\u00a0 the\u00a0 contractors\u00a0 in\u00a0 filling\u00a0 low\u00a0 lying\u00a0 areas\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 plinth\u00a0 filling\u00a0 of new\u00a0 houses\u00a0 and\u00a0 nothing\u00a0 is\u00a0 left\u00a0 on\u00a0 the\u00a0 sites.\u00a0 Even\u00a0 then\u00a0 some\u00a0 small\u00a0 quantity of\u00a0 sand,\u00a0 stone\u00a0 or\u00a0 concrete\u00a0 may\u00a0 be\u00a0 left.<\/p>\n

(xii)Industrial wastes:<\/strong> The\u00a0 discarded\u00a0 solid\u00a0 material\u00a0 of\u00a0 manufacturing\u00a0 processes and\u00a0 industrial\u00a0 operations\u00a0 comes\u00a0 in\u00a0 this\u00a0 category.\u00a0 There\u00a0 is\u00a0 a\u00a0 vast\u00a0 range\u00a0 of substances that are unique for each industry so they are considered separately from\u00a0 municipal\u00a0 wastes.<\/p>\n

Collection of Civil Engineering Ebooks Click Here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

(xiii)Hazardous waste:<\/strong>\u00a0 Hazardous waste\u00a0 is\u00a0 defined\u00a0 as\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 of\u00a0 industrial,instutional\u00a0 or\u00a0 consumer\u00a0 origin\u00a0 that,\u00a0 because\u00a0 of\u00a0 their\u00a0 physical,\u00a0 chemical\u00a0 or biological\u00a0 characteristics\u00a0 are\u00a0 potentially\u00a0 dangerous\u00a0 to\u00a0 human\u00a0 beings\u00a0 and\u00a0 the environment. In some cases the active agents may be liquid or gaseous, they are\u00a0 classified\u00a0 as\u00a0 solid\u00a0 waste\u00a0 because\u00a0 they\u00a0 are\u00a0 confined\u00a0 in\u00a0 solid\u00a0 containers.<\/p>\n

Typical\u00a0 examples\u00a0 are\u00a0 solvents,\u00a0 paints,\u00a0 and\u00a0 pesticides\u00a0 whose\u00a0 spent\u00a0 (empty) containers\u00a0 are\u00a0 frequently\u00a0 mixed\u00a0 with\u00a0 municipal\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 and\u00a0 become\u00a0 part\u00a0 of the\u00a0 urban\u00a0 waste\u00a0 stream.\u00a0 Certain\u00a0 hazardous\u00a0 waste\u00a0 can\u00a0 explode\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 incinerators\u00a0 (controlled\u00a0 large\u00a0 kilns)\u00a0 and\u00a0 cause\u00a0 fires\u00a0 at\u00a0 land\u00a0 fill\u00a0 sites.\u00a0 Others\u00a0 such as\u00a0 pathological\u00a0 (disease\u00a0 producing)\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 from\u00a0 hospitals\u00a0 and\u00a0 radioactive waste,\u00a0 require\u00a0 special\u00a0 handling\u00a0 at\u00a0 all\u00a0 times.\u00a0 Proper\u00a0 management\u00a0 practice should\u00a0 ensure\u00a0 that\u00a0 hazardous\u00a0 wastes\u00a0 are\u00a0 collected,\u00a0 stored,\u00a0 transported\u00a0 and disposed\u00a0 off\u00a0 seprately,\u00a0 preferably\u00a0 after\u00a0 treatment\u00a0 to\u00a0 make\u00a0 them\u00a0 harmless.<\/p>\n

(xiv)Sewage\u00a0 waste:<\/strong>\u00a0 The\u00a0 solid\u00a0 by-products\u00a0 of\u00a0 sewage\u00a0 treatment \u00a0are\u00a0 classified\u00a0 as sewage\u00a0 wastes.\u00a0 They\u00a0 are\u00a0 mostly\u00a0 organic\u00a0 and\u00a0 produced\u00a0 from\u00a0 the\u00a0 treatment of\u00a0 organic\u00a0 sludge\u00a0 from\u00a0 both\u00a0 the\u00a0 raw\u00a0 and\u00a0 treated\u00a0 sewage.\u00a0 The\u00a0 inorganic fraction\u00a0 of\u00a0 raw\u00a0 sewage\u00a0 such\u00a0 as\u00a0 grit\u00a0 is\u00a0 separated\u00a0 at\u00a0 the\u00a0 preliminary\u00a0 stage\u00a0 of treatment, but because it entrains putrescible organic matter that may contain disease producing bacteria (pathogens), must be buried or disposed off quickly.<\/p>\n

See More Drain and Sewer Installation and Testing<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Above all Municipal Solid Waste Management to be classified.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Classification of Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Government of India The solid waste can be classified as per the Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Government of India publication as follows: \u00a0(i) Domestic\/Residential waste: This type of waste is originated from single or multifamily household units. These wastes are generated from the household activities\u00a0 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2264,"featured_media":7382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[444],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-construction-articles"],"yoast_head":"\nClassification of Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Classification of Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Government of India The solid waste can be classified as per the\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinecivilforum.com\/site\/classification-of-manual-on-municipal-solid-waste-management\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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